12 For example, the rapid detection of pathogens from valve tissue from patients undergoing surgery for IE by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been validated. In addition to these temporal epidemiological changes, major new findings from multiple diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic studies have been published since the last iteration of the American Heart Association (AHA) statement on diagnosis and management of IE complications was published in 2005. Moreover, the proportion of IE patients undergoing surgery has increased over time to reach ≈50%. Characteristics of IE patients have also shifted toward an increased mean patient age, a higher proportion of prosthetic valves and other cardiac devices, and a decreasing proportion of rheumatic heart disease. The emergence of S aureus IE is due in part to the increasing importance of healthcare contact as a leading risk associated with infection. Although the overall IE incidence has remained stable, 1, 2, 5 – 9 the incidence of IE caused by Staphylococcus aureus has increased, and S aureus is now the most common causative organism in most of the industrialized world. 4Įpidemiological surveys from France and the International Collaboration on Endocarditis have confirmed that the epidemiological profile of IE has changed substantially. Globally, in 2010, IE was associated with 1.58 million disability-adjusted life-years or years of healthy life lost as a result of death and nonfatal illness or impairment. 1 – 3 Although relatively rare, IE continues to be characterized by increased morbidity and mortality and is now the third or fourth most common life-threatening infection syndrome, after sepsis, pneumonia, and intra-abdominal abscess. Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon infectious disease with an annual incidence ranging from 3 to 7 per 100 000 person-years in the most contemporary population surveys. Customer Service and Ordering Information.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.
Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).
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